In article are opened the main shortcomings of operating now mechanism of functioning of the fuel and energy sector of Russia. Are considered aspects of demonopolization of production in oil and gas complex, constructions of the shelf boring fleet, pragmatic distribution of resources of the Russian National Wealth Fund, state financing of exploration works, licensing of sites of hydrocarbonic fields and also the ecological directions of state regulation of an oil and gas complex. On the basis of the carried-out analysis are developed methodical recommendations about improvement of the mechanism of state regulation of an oil and gas complex which implementation will promote ensuring economically sustainable development of the domestic oil and gas sector and energy security of the Russian Federation.

Key words: state regulation, oil and gas complex, mechanism of state regulation, energy security.