The article reviews the problems of modern nuclear power industry (NPI) development and their solutions based on the closed nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) with fast reactors (FR). Technical requirements to nuclear energy systems are established to develop a large-scale nuclear power industry. The paper covers objectives as well as research and engineering problems to be solved in the Proryv (Breakthrough) Project implemented by the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom as part of the Federal Targeted Program «New Generation Nuclear Energy Technologies for the 2010-2015 Period and up to 2020».
The required performance indicators of nuclear power plants with fast reactors are evaluated to achieve competitive advantages over fossil fuel power stations.

Key words: nuclear power industry, fast reactors, closed fuel cycle, large-scale nuclear power industry, irradiated nuclear fuel, security, non-proliferation, Proryv Project.